Flood frequency analysis using historical data: accounting for random and systematic errors     

Luc Neppel  Benjamin Renard  Michel Lang  Pierre-Alain Ayral  Denis Coeur  Eric Gaume 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):192-208

Abstract

Flood frequency analysis based on a set of systematic data and a set of historical floods is applied to several Mediterranean catchments. After identification and collection of data on historical floods, several hydraulic models were constructed to account for geomorphological changes. Recent and historical rating curves were constructed and applied to reconstruct flood discharge series, together with their uncertainty. This uncertainty stems from two types of error: (a) random errors related to the water-level readings; and (b) systematic errors related to over- or under-estimation of the rating curve. A Bayesian frequency analysis is performed to take both sources of uncertainty into account. It is shown that the uncertainty affecting discharges should be carefully evaluated and taken into account in the flood frequency analysis, as it can increase the quantiles confidence interval. The quantiles are found to be consistent with those obtained with empirical methods, for two out of four of the catchments.

Citation Neppel, L., Renard, B., Lang, M., Ayral, P.-A., Coeur, D., Gaume, E., Jacob, N., Payrastre, O., Pobanz, K. & Vinet, F. (2010) Flood frequency analysis using historical data: accounting for random and systematic errors. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(2), 192–208.  相似文献   

工商巡查管理信息系统的技术与实现     

侯岳;朱琦 《东北测绘》2013,(2):103-105,108

在河南省大力开展数字城市建设之际,我院经过对工商部门的需求调查和分析后,利用Java,C#,JavaS-cript,HTML等语言,采用无线、有线网络的HTTP通信技术,数据库技术和GPS技术自主研发了工商巡查管理信息系统,该系统分为服务器端、手机端和监控端,实现了条码录入、人员位置监控、实时定位、轨迹显示和信息查询的功能。  相似文献   

Environmental Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Cleveland National Forest in California     

Reuben Rose-Redwood  Li Li 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):392-405

Historical geographic information systems (GIS) scholarship has provided important insights into a broad spectrum of historical questions in recent years. This article contributes to the emerging field of historical GIS by employing map algebra and transect analysis to quantitatively assess topographical change resulting from rapid urban growth in New York City since the first quarter of the nineteenth century. These methodological techniques enable a systematic comparison of Manhattan's historical and contemporary topography through a spatial analysis of various topographic metrics, including the extent of positive and negative elevation change, shifts in elevation range, the percentage of geographic area that experienced elevation changes, and the estimated volume of Earth added to and removed from particular areas within the study site. The results indicate that there were more valleys filled than hills leveled on Manhattan's East Side, whereas the reverse was the case on the West Side. The West Side, however, experienced considerably more topographic changes than its eastern counterpart, in large part due to the former's more rugged terrain. Overall, the evidence suggests that although Manhattan's topography has been radically transformed in certain respects, the broader spatial pattern of topographic variation has remained largely constant. These findings, therefore, can be used to support competing narrative claims concerning the significance of the topographical transformations that resulted from the urbanization process in New York City.  相似文献   

Telegraph Messenger Boys: Crossing the Borders between History of Technology and Human Geography     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):134-145

Abstract

Historians of telegraphy have traditionally focused on the system-builders who invented wire communications technologies and incorporated them into profit-making enterprises. Geographers of communications have traditionally traced the changes that the telegraph network wrought on the rank-size of cities and the speed of business. Both have ignored the history of the telegraph messenger boys and the “lived geography” of the telegraph network. This article summarizes a study of telegraph messengers as both active components of technological systems and laboring agents within produced urban spaces, bringing together the fields of both history of technology and human geography.

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Historical Dune Pattern Dynamics: White Sands Dune Field,New Mexico     

《自然地理学》2013,34(1):64-78

Research efforts studying dune fields as spatial units are limited and the historical dynamics associated with dune field-scale pattern attributes are currently not well documented. Historical repeat aerial photography was used to quantify temporal changes in the crescentic dune pattern at the White Sands Dune Field, New Mexico. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to digitize ~ 14,000 dune crests from the combined photoset. Crest length, sinuosity, spacing, orientation, transport vector, and defect density were calculated from these measurements and statistically analyzed. The pattern analysis revealed that crest length, sinuosity, and defect density were highly variable pattern elements over a 60-year period. These dune pattern elements also exhibited temporal relationships, such as the inverse relationship between crest length and sinuosity over time. Defect density calculations revealed that the dune field is trending to a possible state of disorganization. This trend was temporarily interrupted in 1985 by a massive period of organization in which crest length was inversely related to defect density and defect density was proportionally related to sinuosity. The temporal variations in these pattern elements and the episodic organizational event in 1985 were likely climatically induced.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional visualization of an emotional map with geographical information systems: a case study of historical and cultural heritage in the Yeongsan River Basin,Korea     

Mun-Hyun Jang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1393-1413

The objective of this study is the production and visualization of an emotional map to reveal the unique emotions inherent to the areas surrounding the Yeongsan River, which is often referred to as ‘the cradle of civilization’ in Korea. The sites selected for this study are the 11 cities and districts (5667.6 km²) that cut across the vast granary in the southeastern region of Korea, near the Yeongsan River. The emotional map was produced by extracting features of historical and cultural heritage distributed throughout this region and by using a geographic information systems program and its functions for spatial analysis. A database was constructed through interviews with locals and Global Positioning System to index 4318 pieces of cultural heritage to achieve the visualization of emotions. Among the 558 historical relics considered for representing the regional culture, 100 with the largest emotional impact were selected. It was determined that loyalty (), justice (), courtesy (), resentment (), and anger () should be the major emotional elements. Methodologically, a set of regional, periodic, historical, and emotional classification codes were first systematized. After subjecting this data to inverse distance weight interpolation and vertical exaggeration coefficients, the three-dimensional emotional map could be visualized.  相似文献   

厦门近海尖梭螺属(软体动物门, 腹足纲, 梭螺科)一新记录种     

陈志云  郭翔  刘毅  尉鹏  张素萍 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(2):189-192

在福建厦门近海采集到梭螺科Ovulidae尖梭螺属Cuspivolva 中国海新记录种1种, 即武装尖梭螺Cuspivolva bellica (C. N. Cate, 1973)。标本采自厦门近海低潮线附近, 栖息于鞭柳珊瑚Ellisella sp.的枝杈表面, 现保存于中国科学院南海热带海洋生物标本馆。本文对此新记录种的外部形态、生活习性和地理分布等进行了描述和记录, 并与近似种进行了比较和讨论。截至目前, 我国已知尖梭螺属共8种, 该新记录种的发现和报道, 进一步丰富了我国海域梭螺科物种的多样性。  相似文献   

First record of Odontaster penicillatus populations (Philippi, 1870) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Atacama and Antofagasta regions,Chile (Southeast Pacific)     

Leonardo Campos  Fernando Berrios  Brenda B. Hermosillo-Nú?ez  Marco Ortiz 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(12):152-155

We report for the first time the presence of local populations of the starfish Odontaster penicillatus in the regions of Atacama and Antofagasta, Chile. This finding indicates an extension of the distribution limit of 500 km with respect to the last observation made in 2007 in Isla Grande de Atacama. A total of 121 specimens of O. penicillatus were recorded at depths of between 8 m and 24 m. They were associated with rocky substrate and with different species of barnacles, sponges and bryozoans. The presence of O. penicillatus expands the knowledge of the benthic biodiversity of the region, and the development of studies on its ecological importance will be promoted.  相似文献   

外来入侵海洋红藻牛岛薄膜藻Haraldiophyllum udoense的形态观察及rbcL基因序列分析     

于雅楠  卞瑶  董浩  王宏伟 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):106-112

为统计大连海域红藻的物种多样性,在2016年5月至2021年5月进行标本采集时,发现了红叶藻科入侵海藻牛岛薄膜藻Haraldiophyllum udoense M.S.Kim et J.C.Kang,对其形态结构进行了详细的观察,并对rbc L基因序列进行了分析。结果表明:①藻体直立;呈暗红色或红褐色;高7~30 cm,宽6~25 cm;叶片状,薄膜质;藻体除基部和生殖结构外为单层细胞。②rbc L基因序列分析的结果显示本研究的6个样本间无碱基差异,与产自韩国的牛岛薄膜藻无碱基差异。牛岛薄膜藻是在我国海域首次发现的新纪录种,同时薄膜藻属Haraldiophyllum Zinova为我国新纪录属,认为船舶压舱水及海水流动是该种入侵的主要原因。本研究结果将丰富我国红叶藻科海藻的多样性,同时为外来海藻的入侵途径及对当地生态的影响提供新资料。  相似文献   

历史遗留围填海生态保护修复工作探讨——以晋江盐场围填海项目为例          下载免费PDF全文

李婵娟  吴耀建  李青生  方婧  郭洲华  戴娟娟 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):60-68

本研究以晋江盐场围填海项目为例,针对项目情况和区域环境特征,在收集现有资料和补充调查的基础上,分析评估了围填海工程建设的海洋生态影响,并提出了相应的生态保护修复方案。在此基础上,提出了今后工作的建议:①保护修复应推行整体保护、系统修复的有效机制,实现区域生态系统的恢复与良性发展。②围填多年已经形成相对稳定的生态系统的围填海项目,制定修复对策也应遵循现有的生态条件,充分考虑修复工程的成本与效益,增强修复方案的可操作性,做出最有利的决策。③生态修复模式应以自然恢复为主、人工修复为辅,最大程度恢复生态系统功能。本研究可为类似生态保护修复工作提供借鉴。  相似文献